lkbysaV fdyj
M;fcVht
vkt Mk;fcVht dh chekjh nqfu;k Hkj esa cgqr rsth ls QSy jgh gSA Hkkjr esa
Hkh cM+h la[;k esa yksx blds f’kdkj gSaA fo’o LokLF; laxBu us cgqr dM+h psrkouh
nh gS fd tYn gh Hkkjr Mk;fcVht ls ihfM+r gj ikap esa ls ,d Hkkjrh; gSA bl
fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 2014 esa Mk;fcVht ds dqy 6 djksM+ 51 yk[k jjksxh
Fks A 2010 esa ;g vkadM+k 5 djksM+ 8yk[k FkkA vuqeku gS fd 2030 rd Hkkjr esa
Mk;fcVht ds jksfx;ksa dh dqy la[;k yxHkx 10 djksM+ rd igqap tk,xhA
bls gYds esa ugha ysuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;g
,d ,slk jksx gS] ftlesa O;fDr ds ‘’kjhj esa jDr esa ‘’kdZjk dk Lrj cgqr vf/kd
gks tkrk gSA ;g ‘’kjhj esa raf=dkvksa vkSj jDr /kefu;kas dks u"V dj nsrk
gSA ;g flQZ chekjh ugha gS] cfYd ‘’kjhj esa vU; ?kkrd chekfj;ksa tSls fny dk
nkSjk] xqnsZ dh frQyrk] va/krk] xSaxfju tSlh chekfj;ksa dks Hkh tUe ns jgh gSA
pkSadkus okyh ckr ;g gS fd bldk vk;q oxZ ls dksbZ ysuk nsuk ugha gSA ,d rjQ
tgka cqtqxZ O;fDr blds f’kdkj gks jgs gSa] vgha uotkr f’k’kq Hkh blds f’kdkj
gSaA blds vykrk ukStoku Hkh rsth ls Mk;fcVht ds f’kdkj curs tk jgs gSaA gSjkuh
ckr gS fd gekjs ‘’kjhj esa jDr esa ‘’kdZjk dk Lrj c<+kus ds fy, dksbZ ,d
fo’ks"k dkj.k ftEesnkj ugha gksrkA Mk;fcVht dks lkbysaV vkSj iksVsafk;y
fdyj nksuksa dgrsa gSaS blfy,] D;ksafd blds y{k.kksa dks vuns[kk djuk vklku gSA
iksVsaf’k;y fdyj blfy,] D;ksafd jDr esa ’kdZjk dk mPp Lrj tgj ds leku dkpZ djrk
gS vkSj bl dkj.k ’kjhj ds dbZ vsx {kfrxzLo gks tkrs gSaA
Mk;fcVht thou’kSyh ls tqM+h ,d
ykbykt chekjh gSA Mk;fVht rc gksrh gS] ic vXuk’k; I;kZIr ek=k esa balqfyu ugha
cuk ikrk ;k tc ‘’kjhj izHkkodkjh rjhds ls balqfyu dk mi;ksx ugha dj ikrk A balqfyu
,d gkekZu gS] tks jDr dh ’kdZjk dks fu;af=r j[krk gSA vfu;af=r Mk;fcVht ds
dkj.k jDr esa ’kdZjk dk Lrj dkQh c<+ tkrk gS ftls gkbijXykblhfe;k dgrs gSaA
Mk;fcVht dks tks ckr vf/kd xaHkhj cukrh gS] og ;g gS fd ;g chekjh ugha]
esVkckWfyd flaMªkse gS] tks dbZ fcekfj;ksa dk ?kj gSA blls ‘’kjhj dk gj vax
izHkkfor gksrk gSA vxj le; jgrs bldk irk u py ik, vkSj bls fu;af=r ugha fd;k
tk, rks xqnsZ [kjkc gksus] efLr"d vk?kkr] ân; vk?kkr dk [krjk dbZ xquk
c<+ tkrk gSA
Mkj;fcVht eq[;r% rhu izdkj dh gksrh gS %
Vkbi 1 M;fcVjt] Vkbi 2 Mk;fcVht vkSj xsLVS’kuy Mk;fcVhtA oSls blds ,d vkSj
izdkj Vkbi 1-5 ds ekeys Hkh lkeus vk jgs gSaA
Vkbi 1 Mk;fcVht % blls ihfMr yksxksa esa ;k rks balqfyu dk
fuekZ.k ugha gksrk ;k fQj cgqr de ek=k esa gksrk gSA ;g fdlh Hkh vk;q oxZ ds
O;fDr dks gks ldrh gS] ysfdu cPps vkSj ;qok blds T;knk f’kdkj gksrs gSaA blesa
jDr esa Xywdkst dk Lrj fu;af=r j[kus ds fy, balqfyu dk batsD’ku ysuk iM+rk gSA
Vkbi
1-5 Mk;fcVht % bls Vkbi 3 Mk;fcVht ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g vf/kdrj
o;Ld yksxksa dks gksrh gSA Mk;fcVht ds bl izdkj dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, rqjar balqfyu
dh vko’;drk ugha gksrhA ftu yksxksa esa Vkbi 2 Mk;fcVht dk irk pyrk gS] muesa
ls 15&20 izfr’kr yksxksa dks 1-5 Vkbi Mk;fcVht gksrh gSA Vkbi 1-5 mu
yksxksa dks gks Hkh ldrh gS] ftudk Hkkj vkSlr gS vkSj tks fQV fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA vxj buds jDr esa ‘’kdZjk
fu;a=.k esa jgs rks buesa ân; laca/kh jksxksa dk [krjk Hkh Vkbi 1 vkSj Vkbi 2
dh rqyuk esa de gks tkrk gSA
Vkbi 2
Mk;fcVht % iwjh nqfu;k esa Mk;fcVht
ls ihfM+r yksxksa esa 90 izfr’kr Vkbi 2 Mk;fcVht ls ihfM+r gSaA blesa jDr
‘’kdZjk dk Lrj vfu;af=r gks tkrk gSA ekVkis vkSj Vkbi 2 Mk;fcVht dk lh/kk
laca/k gksrk gSA blds y[k.k Vkbi 1 ds leku gh] ysfdu de xaHkhj gksrs gSa] blfy,
‘’kq: gksus ds dbZ o"kksZa ckn rd bldk irk ugha py ikrkA
xsLVS’kuy Mk;fcVht% xsLVS’kuy
Mk;fcVht gkbij XySlhfe;k gS] tks lcls igys xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku igpkuh tkrh gSA
blds y{k.k Vkbi 2 M;fcVht ds leku gh gksrs gSaA vxj xHkZorh efgyk Mk;fcVht dh
f’kdkj gks tk, rks ;g ek¡ vkSj cPps nksuks ds LokLF; ds fy, [krj gksrk gSA blls
cPps dk out vkSj vkdkj nksuksa T;knk gks ldrk gSA lkekU; fMyhojh esa leL;k,a vk
ldrh gSaA Mk;fcVht fu;a=.k esa u jgs rks fMyhojh ds ckn cPps dks lkal dh rdyhQ
gks ldrh gSaA mlds jDr esa ‘’kdZjk dk Lrj c<+ ldrk gS] mls ihfy;k Hkh gks
ldrk gSA bl jksx ds dqN izeq[k dkj.k bl izdkj gSa%
vuqokf’kd
dkj.k % vc Mk;fcVht dks ih<+h QSyus okyh ;kuh vkuqoaf’kd chekjh ds :I
esa ns[kk tk jgk gSA LokLF; fo’ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd vxj ifjokj esa fdlh
dk Mk;fcVht gS rks ;g cM+h vklkuh ls mldh vkus okyh larfr esa igqap ldrh gSA
Mk;fcVht ls ihfM+r xHkZorh efgyk ls mlds motkr f’k’kq esa Hkh Mk;fcVht dh
vk’kadk cM+ tkrh gSA
eksVkik % cgqr T;knk ;kuh vko’;drk
ls vf/kd [kkuk [kkus ls ikpu laca/kh leL;k,a ‘’kq: gks tkrh gSaA dsoy o;Ldksa
esa gh ugha] cfYd NksVs cPpksa esa Hkh eksVkis dh leL;k c<+ jgh gS] dills
MklfcVht dh vk’kadk dkQh c<+ tkrh gSA
vk/kqfud thou ’kSyh % vk/kqfud thou ‘’kSyh
viukus ds dkj.k yksxksa dh ftanxh esa ,dk,d cnyko vk;k gS] ftlds pyrs mudk
jgu&lgu [kkuiku Hkh iwjh rjg cny x;k gSA dkedkth yksxksa dk ,d gh txg ij
yacs le; rd cSB dj dke djrs jguk] dke ds nkSjku ‘’kjhj dh izkd`frd fdz;kvksa
dks utjvankt djuk] ‘’kjhj dks LoLFk j[kus okyh ‘’kkjhfjd xfrfof/k;ksa ls nwjh
cukuk vkSj larqfyr vkgkj ysus dh ctk; elkysnkj ,oa QkLV QwM dk bLrseky djuk gj
fdlh dks bl chekjh ls xzLr dj jgk gSA
ekufld
ruko % vktdy ;g Mk;fcVht dk izeq[k dkj/k gSA bl HkkxnkSM+ ds le; es vkt
vkneh dh ftanxh esa ekufld ‘’kkafr dk LFkku ekufld ruko us ys fy;k gSA pkgs ckr
futh ftanxh dh gks pk dfj;j dh] nksuksa ds chp larqyu cuk, j[kus ds fy, yksx
csgn rukoiw.kZ fLFkfr ls xqtj jgs gSaA blls ekufld ruko bruk c<+ tkrk gS] fd
bldk lh/kk izHkko gekjh raf=dkvksa ij iM+rk gS vkSj mPp jDrpki esa o`f) gksrh
gSA ;g Mk;fcVht dk cgqr cM+k dkjj.k cu jgk gS A
/kweziku % tkudkjh u gksus ds dkj.k
cqtqxZ O;fDr yacs le; ls /kweziku djrs vk jgs gSaA /kweziku djus ds dkj.k vkt
muds jDr esa ‘’kdZjk dk Lrj cgqr T;knk c<+ x;k gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd muesa
g`n; jksx] va/krk laca/kh chekfj;ka dh f’kdk;rsa lcls T;knk ns[kh tk jgh gSaA ;g leL;k ;qok ih<+h ds chp Hkh c<+rh
fn[k jgh gS D;ksafd /kweziku dh leL;k i<+s&fy[ks vkSj dkedkth
;qod&;qofr;ksa ds chp ,d QS’ku ds rkSj ij rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA blds vykok
,Ydksgy dk c<+rk mi;ksx Hkh Mk;fcVht tSlh [krjukd chekjh dks fuesa=.k ns jgs
gSaA blesa Hkh dSyksjh dh ek=k cgqr vf/kd gksrh gSA
;qokvksa esa c<+ jgh gS Mk;fcVht
,evksMhokb
,evksMhokbZ
;kuh eSP;ksfjVh vkWulsV Mk;fcVht vkWQ n ;aax] ;qokvksa esa Qyrh ,d izdkj dh
Mk;fcVht gSA bldh vk’kadk mu ;qokvksa esa ipkl izfr’kr
jDr esa ‘’kdZjk dh c<+rh ek=k
le; ds lkFk g`n;] vka[kksaa] xqnksZ] raf=dkvksa vkSj ‘’kjhj ds nwljs Hkkxksa
dks izHkkfor dj ldrh gSA ,d lkbysaV jksx gksus ds dkj.k dbZ yksxksa dks bldk
irk gh ugha py ikrk] tc rd fd mUgsa nwljh leL;k,a gksuk izkjsHk ugha gks tkrhA
Mk;fcVht ftruh iqjkuh gksrh tkrh gS] jDr ‘’kdZjk mruh gh vfu;af=r gksrh tkrh
gS] ftlls tfVyrk,a fodflr gks tkrh gSaA I;kl vf/kd yxuk] ckj ckj is’kkc vkuk]
rsth ls out ?kVuk] [kkus ds ckn Hkh Hkw[k yxuk] utj detksj gksuk] gkFk iSjksa
esa >qu>quh ;k vdM+u] Ropk ;k elw<+ksa esa ladze.k] t{e dk Bhd u gksuk
vkSj [kqtyh gksuk] Mk;fcVht ds izeq[k y{k.k gSaA
;qokvksa
esa c<+ jgh gS Mkk;fcVht ,evksMhokbZ
,evksMhokbZ ;kuh
eSP;ksfjVh vkWulsV Mk;fcVht vkWQ n ;ax] ;qokvksa esa QSyrh ,d izdkj dh Mk;fcVht
gS A bldh vk’kadk mu ;qokvksa esa ipkl izfr’kr vf/kd gksrh gS] ftuds ekrk firk
Mk;fcVht ls ihfM+r gksaA ;g muds 25o"kZ ds gksus rd /khjs&/khjs fodflr
gksrh gSA fo’s"kKksa dk vuqeku gS fd vesafjdk esa ,d ls nks izfr’kr
yksxksa esa ;g leL;k ns[kh tk jgh gSA ysfdu ,evksMhokbZ bruh nqyZHk gS fd dqN
MkWDVj Hkh blds ckjs esa vf/kd tkudkjh ugha j[krsA blfy,] ‘’kq:vkr esa nl
Mk;fcVht ls ihfM+r yksxksa esa ls 90 izfr’kr esa Vkbi 1 ;k Vkbi 2 Mk;fcVht
ekuyh tkrh gSA blds Hkh dbZ izdkj gksrs gSa%
,p,u,Q1&vYQk % ;g
thu ,evksMhokbZ ds 70 izfr’kr ekeyksa esa dklj.k cu dj lkeus vk;k gSA vXU;k’k;
esa cuus okys balqfyu dh ek=k de gksus ls Mk;fcVht dh chekjh gksrh gSA ;g
chekjh vke rkSj ls fd’kksjkoLFkk esa fodflr gksrh gSA ,p,u,Q1&vYQk
,evksMhokbZ okys yksxksa dks vkerkSj ij balqfyu dh t:jr ugha gksrh gSA budk
bykt vkerkSj ij Vkbi 2 Mk;fcVht esa mi;ksxh lYQksuhY;wfj;l uked xksyh ds ,d
xzqi dh NksVh [kqjkd ls fd;k tkrk gSA
,p,u,Q 4&vYQk % ;g
,evksMhokbZ ds vU; izdkjksa dh rjg vke ugha gS A ftu yksxksa esa vkuqoaf’kd :Ik
ls thu esa cnyko feyrk gS]tUe ds le; mudk out vkerkSj ls yxHkx pkj fdxzk gksrk
gSA tUe ds le; ;k mlds rRdky ckn mudk jDr ‘’kdZjk Lrj de gksrk gS] ftldk bykt
t:jh gksrk gSA blls ihfM+r jksxh dk mipkj lYQksuhY;wfj;l nok ls gksrk gSA
balqfyu dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA
,p,u,Q1&chVk % blls ihfM+r yksxksa esa dbZ rjg dh leL;k,a gks
ldrh gSaA f’k’kq ds tUe ls igys vdlj ew= ra= fn[k;h nsrk gSA nuesa Mk;fcVht ckn
esa gks ldrh gS] ftlds fy, balqfyu mipkj t:jh gks tkrk gSA blds fy, LoLFk
larqfyr vkgkj vkSj O;k;ke t:jh gks tkrk gSA
,p,u,Q4&chVk % blesa Mk;fcVht dh
tfVyrkvksa dk [krjk gksrk gSA
Xywdksfdukls
% ;g thu ‘’kjhj dks ;g tkuus esa enn djrk gS fd jDr
‘’kdZjk dk Lrj ‘’’kjhj esa fdruk T;knk gSA tc ;g thu Bhd rjg ls dke ugha djrk]
rc ‘’kjhj jDr ‘’kdZjk ds Lrj dks vko’;d Lrj ls T;knk c<+us nsrk gSA
Xywdksfdukls ls ihfM+r yksxksa esa jDr ‘’kdZjk dk Llrj lkekU; ls FkksM+k gh
T;knk gksrk gSA lkekU; rkSj ij bl rjg ds ,evksMhokbZ ds y{k.k ugha gksrs vkSj
blh otg ls bldk irk yxkus ds fy, fu;fer tkap dh tkrh gSA bl otg ls larqfyr
vkgkj ysuk vkSj ‘’kjhfjd :;I ls lfdz; jguk t:jh gksrk gSA
[kkuiku
ls fu;af=r gks ldrh gS Mk;fcVht
ikyd
% blesa dbZ ik"kd rRo gksrs gSa] tks gesa LoLFk cukrs gSaA
fczVsu esa gq, ,d v/;;u ds vuqlkj] tks ysx fu;fer :I ls ikyd [kkrs gSa] muesa
Mk;fcVht gksus dh vk’kadk 14 izfr’kr rd de gks tkrh gSA
esFkh
% esFkh ds cht u dsoy jDr esa ‘’kdZjk dks de djrs
gSa] cfYd balqfyu vkSj cqjs dksysLVªky dk Lrj dks Hkh de djrs gSa vkSj vPNs
dksysLVªky dk Lrj c<+krs gSA
xzhu
Vh % dcuk phuh xzhu Vh dk lsou balqfyu ds Loj es lq/kj
dj [kwu esa Xyuwdkst de djus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA blesa bZthlhth ,aVhvkWDlhMsaV
gksrs gSaA dbZ v/;;uksa esa ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gS fd fcuk phuh okyh dkyh dkWQh
Vkbi 2 Mk;fcVht dk [krjk de dj nsrh gS A
,yksosjk
% ,yksosjk dh ifRr;ksa esa ekStwhn tsyh ;k ,yksosjk ds twl dk
lsou Mk;fcVht ds mipkj esa izHkkrh gSA
uhcw
% uhcw esa foVkfeu lh gksrk gS] tks [kkus ds
Xykblsfed baMsDl dks de j[krk gSA
yglqu
% Xywdkst dk
Lrj de djrk gS vkSj Qzh balqfyu dks c<+krk gSA
djsyk % vf/kd Xywdkst dk
xzg.k djrk gS vkSj jDr esa Xywdkst mRiknu dks de djrk gSA
gYnh
% blesa djD;qfeu
gksrk gS tks Mk;fcVht dks jksd rks ugha ldrh ysfdu Mk;fcVht ls dqN ff/kd le; rd
cpk ldrh gSA
byk;ph
% ;g jDr esa Xywdkst ds Lrj dks de djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA
lsc
% blesa ,aFkkslk;fuu uyked rRo dkQh ek=k esa ik;k
tkrk gS] tks jDr esa ‘’kdZjk ds Lrj dks fu;af=r djus esa lgk;rk djrs gSaA
blds vfrfjDr dqN phtksa ls ijgst djuk Hkh t:jh gS
tSls fd phuh] vkSj ‘’kjkc] ryh&Hkquh phtsa] Ms;jh mRikn] pk; vkSj dkWQh]
rqckdw vkSj ‘’kjkc] vf/kd dkcksZgkMsªV okys inkFkZ tSls vkyw] xktj] pkoy dsyk]
cszM vkfnA
t:jh
gS Mk;fcVht laca/kh Kku
;g ,lk jkx
gS tk thou Hkj jgrk gS vkSj blds fy, lgh f’k{kk vkSj {kerk frdkl dh vko’;drk
gksrh gSA ns’k Hkj esa Nk;fcVht d{kk dk;Zdze vkjaHk djds bl c<+rh LokLF;
leL;k dk lkeuk djus ds fy, laosnu’khyu ljdkj vkSj uhfr fuekZrkvksa dh t:jr gSA
Mk;fcVht f’k{kk ds egRo dks vc Hkh fpfdRldksa ds lkFk lkFk ljdkj Hkh vHkh ugha
le>h gSA Hkkjr ds vf/kdrj Hkkxksa esa vpNh xa.koRrk dh fpfdRlk lsokvksa rd
igqap u gksus ds dkj.k M;fcVhi ds jksxh vius jksx dh ns[kHkky Bhd ls ugha dj
ikrs] tks dsoy cMs+ esVªks ‘’kgjksa esa jgus okyksa dks miyC/k gksrh gSaA
Mk;fcVht f’k{kk dk;Zdze dk dk;kZUo;u vkSj fpfdRlk lsok,a rd igqap ,d txg gh izn
ku fd, tkus dh t:jr gS D;ksafd Mk;fcVht ds jksfx;ksa dks Mk;fcVht ls lacaf/kr
chekfj;ksa ds fy, ,d ls vf/kd fo’ks"kKksa ds ikl tkuk gksrk gSA Mk;fcVht
ds jkxh dks viuh balqfyu dh ek=k vkSj mipkj ds fy, Mk;fcVht fo’ks"kK ds
ikl tkuk pkfg,] cfYd mls vU; fo’sk"kKksa ds ikl Hkh tkuk pkfg, tSls fd
ân;jksx fo’ks"kK] vxj og ân;jksx fo’ks"kK dk jkxh ‘gS] Mk;fcfVd us=
jksx ;k jsfVuksiSFkh ds fy, us= fo’ks"kK] xqnsZ ds jhksx ds fy, xqnkZjksx
fo’ks"kK vkSj M;fcfVd QqV jksx ds fy, iksfM;kfVªLV vkfnA
fo’o Hkj
esa lcls vf/kd Mk;fcVt ihfM+r Hkkjr esa gSa ysfdu Mk;fcVt dh f’k{kk esa Hkkjr
lcls ihNs gSaA gekjs ns’k esa Mk;fcVht ihfM+rksa dh c<+rh la[;kds lkFk]
Mk;fcVht f’k{kk dk;Zdze vkjaHk djuk le; dh lcls cM+h vko’;Drk gSA pqafd
Mk;fcVht esfyVl ykbykt gS] jksxh dks mipkj Iyku esa lfdz; :Ik ls ’kkfey djds]
bldk lQyrkiwoZd izca/ku djuk gksxkA ;g dsoy rc gh laHko gS tc jksxh dMk;fcVht
ds ckjs esa iwjk Kku gks vkSj mls Lo;a ns[k&us[k O;ogkj ds tfj, viuh
Mk;fcVht dk /;ku j[kus ds fy, izsfjr fd;k tk,A blls u dsoy og csgrj <ax ls
Mk;fcVht dks fu;af=r djus esa l{ke gksaxs cfYd [kjkc Mk;fcVht fu;a=.k ds dkj.k
gksus okyh nh?kZ voff/fk leL;kvksa dks jksdus esa Hkh lgk;rk feyrh gSA vk;qosZn
dgrk gS fd Mk;fcVht dk mipkj] cpko vkSj I;kZIr vkgkj ds lsou ls fd;k tk ldrk
gSA lgh fnup;kZ vkSj thou ’kSyh esa dqN esa dqN iufjorZu djds Mk;fcVht tSls
Hk;kud jksx ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
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